Colorectal cancer was once thought to affect mainly older adults, but growing evidence shows rates increasing among younger individuals. Staying proactive about digestive health and recognizing personal risk factors is key. While routine screening typically begins at age 45,1 certain warning signs and risk factors can signal the need for earlier evaluation.
1. Persistent Changes in Bowel Habits
It is easy to blame a hectic schedule or a change in diet for digestive irregularities. However, if you notice a lasting shift in your bowel movements with persistent diarrhea, constipation, or a narrowing of the stool, it warrants professional investigation. Stools that are consistently "pencil-thin" can sometimes indicate an obstruction in the colon that needs to be addressed.
2. Unexplained Rectal Bleeding or Blood in Stool
Finding blood in the toilet or on the tissue is often dismissed as a minor issue, like hemorrhoids. While hemorrhoids are common, rectal bleeding is also one of the most frequent symptoms of colorectal polyps or localized tumors. Whether the blood is bright red or dark and tarry, a gastroenterologist should evaluate the source to rule out malignancy.
3. Chronic Abdominal Pain and Cramping
Occasional gas or bloating is normal, but persistent abdominal discomfort, cramping, or a feeling that your bowel doesn't empty completely is not. If you experience localized pain that doesn't resolve with diet changes or over-the-counter remedies, a colonoscopy can provide a direct view of the intestinal lining to identify inflammation or abnormal growths.
4. Unexplained Iron Deficiency With or Without Anemia
Unexplained fatigue or weakness can be a symptom of chronic, microscopic blood loss leading to iron deficiency with or without anemia. If your lab work shows low iron levels without an obvious cause, a screening is often the next logical diagnostic move.
5. A Strong Family History of Polyps or Cancer
Your genetics play a significant role in your colorectal health. If a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, was diagnosed with colorectal cancer or advanced polyps, your risk profile changes. In these cases, the "standard" age of 45 may be too late, as screenings are typically recommended ten years prior to the age of the relative’s diagnosis.
National Cancer Prevention Month: Why Action Matters
February is National Cancer Prevention Month, a time dedicated to raising awareness about the power of early detection. Colonoscopies are unique because they are both diagnostic and preventative; during the procedure, we can identify and remove precancerous polyps before they ever have the chance to develop into cancer.
Early detection remains the most effective tool in the fight against colorectal disease. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms or have concerns about your family history, book an appointment at Houston Regional Gastroenterology Institute to discuss your screening options and safeguard your future health.
AUTHORS:
Adeeb J. Dwairy, M.D., is a Houston-born gastroenterologist at Houston Regional Gastroenterology Institute, treating patients in Sugar Land and Humble with expertise shaped by extensive training at UT Houston.
Sushovan Guha, MD, MA, PhD, FASGE, AGAF, is a Houston-based gastroenterologist and hepatologist at Houston Regional Gastroenterology Institute with extensive academic experience, specializing in general GI care, colorectal cancer prevention, and advanced endoscopic procedures.
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