What is Blood in Stool Evaluation?
Blood in stool evaluation is a diagnostic process used to determine the source and cause of bleeding in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Blood may appear bright red, dark maroon, or black and tarry depending on where it originates. Because visible or microscopic blood can be a sign of conditions ranging from minor anorectal issues to serious disease, early evaluation allows for accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.
When is Evaluation Recommended?
Evaluation is recommended for individuals who experience:
- Visible blood or dark, tarry stools
- Persistent changes in bowel habits
- Abdominal pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chronic diarrhea or constipation
- Anemia or fatigue
Urgent assessment is recommended when bleeding is severe, accompanied by dizziness, fainting, or rapidly worsening symptoms.
How is Evaluation Performed?
Assessment begins with history and physical examination, including a digital rectal exam. Diagnostic testing may involve laboratory blood tests, stool studies, and imaging. Common procedures include colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and upper endoscopy depending on the suspected source. CT imaging or capsule endoscopy may be used when traditional endoscopy is inconclusive.
What to Expect After Evaluation?
Recovery depends on the type of test performed. Patients undergoing endoscopy may experience temporary bloating or mild discomfort. Sedation effects vary and can require patients to rest for the remainder of the day. Most individuals return to normal activity within 24 hours unless treatment was performed during the procedure.
What are the Risks of Evaluation?
Risks are generally low but may include:
- Bleeding or perforation with invasive procedures
- Reactions to sedation
- Temporary discomfort or bloating
Complications are rare and typically occur in higher-risk patients.
What are the Benefits of Evaluation?
The key benefits include:
- Identifying the source of bleeding
- Screening for colon cancer and polyps
- Detecting inflammatory bowel disease, infections, or hemorrhoids
- Preventing complications through early treatment
- Establishing a personalized management plan