What is H. pylori Testing?
H. pylori testing detects the presence of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that infects the stomach lining and increases the risk of ulcers, gastritis, and stomach cancer. Testing helps confirm infection, guide treatment, and monitor treatment success. It is commonly recommended for patients with chronic stomach symptoms or a history of ulcers.
When is Testing Recommended?
Testing is recommended for individuals with stomach symptoms, risk factors, or complications related to H. pylori. Common indications include:
- Persistent upper abdominal pain or discomfort
- Nausea, bloating, or early fullness
- History of stomach or duodenal ulcers
- Unexplained iron-deficiency anemia
- Unexplained weight loss
- A family history of stomach cancer
- Long-term use of NSAIDs
- Recurrent or chronic gastritis
Testing is also recommended after treatment to confirm eradication.
How is Testing Performed?
Several noninvasive tests are available. The urea breath test measures carbon dioxide in the breath after ingesting a urea solution and is highly accurate. Stool antigen testing detects bacterial proteins in a stool sample. Blood tests may detect antibodies, but are less useful for active infection. In some cases, upper endoscopy with biopsy is performed for patients with alarm symptoms or complicated disease.
What to Expect After Testing?
H. pylori testing is generally quick and painless. Most patients can resume normal activities immediately. Some may experience mild bloating or nausea briefly during breath testing, but symptoms typically resolve quickly.
What are the Risks of Testing?
The tests are safe, with minimal risks such as:
- Temporary stomach discomfort from test solutions
- Rare false negatives if medications interfere
- Mild inconvenience of sample collection
What are the Benefits of Testing?
Key benefits include:
- Detecting a common cause of ulcers and stomach inflammation
- Guiding targeted antibiotic treatment
- Preventing complications such as bleeding or cancer
- Improving long-term digestive health and symptom relief