What Is Hepatitis C Screening?
Hepatitis C screening is a medical test used to detect the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the blood. The goal is to identify infection early, even before symptoms appear, so patients can receive treatment and reduce the risk of liver disease, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. Screening typically begins with an antibody test, followed by a confirmatory RNA test if needed.
When Is Hepatitis C Screening Recommended?
Screening is recommended for groups with a higher risk of infection, including:
- Adults aged 18 and older (at least once in a lifetime)
- Pregnant women (during each pregnancy)
- People who received a blood transfusion before 1992
- Individuals with a history of injection drug use
- Patients with HIV or chronic liver disease
- Individuals with abnormal liver tests or unexplained liver disease
- Anyone who has been exposed to HCV-positive blood
How Is Hepatitis C Screening Performed?
Screening is typically done with a simple blood test. The first test checks for antibodies to HCV. If positive, a follow-up RNA test is performed to confirm active infection. These tests are quick, accurate, and can often be carried out in a clinic, laboratory, or community health setting.
What Are the Benefits of Hepatitis C Screening?
Benefits are significant and include:
- Early detection of a silent infection
- Access to highly effective antiviral treatment
- Reduced risk of chronic liver disease
- Prevention of transmission to others
- Improved long-term health outcomes